アブストラクト（55巻2号：神奈川歯学）

神奈川歯学

Japanese

Title　： 口腔期摂食嚥下障害体験学習のための舌機能障害体験用マウスピースの開発
Subtitle　： 原著
Authors　： 飯田貴俊, 辰野雄一, 西崎仁美, 杉山俊太郎, 田中洋平, 美久月瑠宇, 林恵美, 藤川隆義, 森本佳成
Authors（kana）　：
Organization　： 神奈川歯科大学全身管理医歯学講座全身管理高齢者歯科学分野
Journal　： 神奈川歯学
Volume　： 55
Number　： 2
Page　： 106-112
Year/Month　： 2020 / 12
Article　： 原著
Publisher　： 神奈川歯科大学学会
Abstract　： 「緒言」摂食嚥下障害は嚥下の5期で分けて考えられることが多い. 先行期障害では, 食物の認知の障害をきたし, つめこみ食べや拒食, 盗食などの症状が生じる. 準備期障害では歯の喪失や舌・頬・口唇の運動障害などにより咀嚼機能低下が生じ, 食塊形成不良となって固形物の摂取が困難となる. 口腔期障害では主に舌の機能障害によって口腔から咽頭へ食塊の送り込みが困難となり口腔内残留や食事時間の延長が生じる. 咽頭期障害は咽頭から食道への食塊移送の際に障害が生じ, 食塊が気管に入る"誤嚥"や食塊等で気道が閉塞する"窒息"が生じる. 食道期障害は胃食道逆流など症状によって食道から胃への食塊の移動が困難となる. 摂食嚥下障害の中で, 直接的に生命維持に支障をきたす誤嚥性肺炎や窒息に直結する咽頭期障害に注目が集まりがちであるが, 義歯や舌接触補助床など歯科の特異性を生かした対応を考慮すると, 歯学部学生教育においては準備期障害, 口腔期障害の理解も重要である.
Practice　： 歯科学
Keywords　： 摂食嚥下障害, 口腔期, 体験学習, 学生教育

English

Title　： Development of a Mouthpiece as a Learning Tool for Experiencing Tongue Dysfunction in Oral stage Dysphagia
Subtitle　：
Authors　： Takatoshi IIDA, Yuichi TATSUNO, Hitomi NISHIZAKI, Shuntaro SUGIYAMA, Yohei TANAKA, Lou MIKUZUKI, Megumi HAYASHI, Takayoshi FUJIKAWA, Yoshinari MORIMOTO
Authors（kana）　：
Organization　： Division of Medically Compromised Geriatric Dentistry, Department of Critical Care Medicine and Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University
Journal　： Kanagawa Shigaku
Volume　： 55
Number　： 2
Page　： 106-112
Year/Month　： 2020 / 12
Article　： Original article
Publisher　： Kanagawa Odontological Society
Abstract　： [Abstract] Learning about dysphagia, especially oral stage dysphagia, is important for dentistry students. Pseudo-experience learning through modalities such as hands-on experience training about the elderly is usually used for this purpose, but there has been no modality for experiencing oral stage dysphagia. We developed a mouthpiece (mouthpiece as an impairment simulator for lingual action; MISLA) that allows healthy individuals to experience oral stage dysphagia to deepen their understanding of this condition. We also developed an education program using MISLA and tested it on a few students. The participants were 25 sixth-grade dentistry students (14 males) who took elective courses on geriatric dentistry. They individually performed screening tests such as repeated saliva swallowing test, modified water swallowing test (MWST), and food test, before and after wearing the MISLA. After swallowing water, the residual amount in the oral cavity was measured in the MWST. Coughing due to aspiration during the examination was recorded. A questionnaire survey was conducted after the evaluation. The results of each test were significantly lower when MISLA was worn. The residual water in the oral cavity was significantly higher (p < 0.05). Coughing was not observed during the evaluation. The questionnaire survey revealed empathy for dysphagia patients, reflected in statements such as "I experienced the suffering of tongue dysfunction". Tonguepalatal contact was inhibited by wearing MISLA, resulting in oral stage dysphagia and reduced swallowing reflex. MISLA may thus be used as a learning tool to experience dysphagia.
Practice　： Dentistry
Keywords　：