アブストラクト(46巻1号:神奈川歯学)

神奈川歯学

Japanese

Title : 周術期におけるモニター心電図変化
Subtitle : 総説
Authors : 買原玲子, 有坂博史, 買原一郎, 桜庭茂樹, 古屋宗孝, 吉田和市
Authors(kana) :
Organization : 神奈川歯科大学生体管理医学講座麻酔科学分野
Journal : 神奈川歯学
Volume : 46
Number : 1
Page : 94-101
Year/Month : 2011 / 6
Article : 報告
Publisher : 神奈川歯科大学学会
Abstract : 「緒言」近年, 急速な高齢化社会の到来に伴って全身疾患を持つ患者が増加傾向にあるが, その中でも循環器疾患は過半数を占めている. そのため周術期にはしばしば不整脈が認められ, 特に高齢者では出現頻度が高くなる1, 2, 3). 特に術中術後には手術侵襲に伴って生体の恒常性が崩れ,不整脈が出現しやすくなる. Bertrandら4)の報告では全身麻酔症例の84%に不整脈を認め, 特に気管挿管および抜管時に高率に認められ, さらに心疾患を合併している症例では90%の高率に及んだとしている. 麻酔中の不整脈を招く因子としては, 心機能低下, 心筋虚血, 低酸素症, 高炭酸血症, 電解質異常, 浅麻酔など多岐にわたり, それらが心臓に対し種々の影響を与え, 多くの場合その影響は心電図変化として現れる. 中には重篤なものも見られ, その異常は即生命の危機に通じることもある. 術前に不整脈が認められた場合には心筋虚血や心不全など基礎疾患の評価を十分行い, 必要であれば薬物治療, ペースメーカーや除細動の埋め込みなどを行う必要がある.
Practice : 歯科学
Keywords : 心電図, 不整脈, モニター

English

Title : Monitor Electrocardiogram in Perioperative Period
Subtitle :
Authors : Reiko KAIHARA, Hirofumi ARISAKA, Ichiro KAIHARA, Shigeki SAKURABA, Munetaka FURUYA, Kazu-ichi YOSHIDA
Authors(kana) :
Organization : Division of Anesthesiology, Department of Clinical Care Medicine, Kanagawa Dental College
Journal : Kanagawa Shigaku
Volume : 46
Number : 1
Page : 94-101
Year/Month : 2011 / 6
Article : Report
Publisher : Kanagawa Odontological Society
Abstract : As the patients with a systemic disease tend to increase with the arrival of an aging society, the cardiovascular diseases are increasing. Patients who suffered from arrhythmias, therefore are often found during the perioperative period especially in the elderly. Sometimes circulatory collapses and arrhythmia is easy to occure according to the physical stress during and after the operation perioperatively. According to the previous reports, 84% of patients undergone general anesthesia showed arrhythmia, during tracheal intubation and extubation, and those patients who suffered heart disease have been further complicated with arrhythmia at a rate of 90%. Factors leading to arrhythmia during anesthesia include cardiac dysfunction, myocardial ischemia, hypoxia, hypercardia, electrolyte abnormality, and inadequate anesthesia. Life threatening arrhythmia is observed in serious condition and sometimes leads to death. If arrhythmia was observed in the preoperative examination, we must evaluate the severity of myocardial ischemia or heart failure. The guidelines by the Japanese Society of Anesthesiology have shown that electrocardiogram monitoring is cited as one of the must items required. Monitoring of cardiac arrhythmia should be applied for the diagnosis of myocardial ischemia, and if there was any abnormality we have to cope with it. In this paper, we outlined the ECG change of arrhythmias observed in the perioperative period.
Practice : Dentistry
Keywords :